> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://offthepace.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# How do the cars compare when each team is averaged per race?

> Each constructor's car term, dirty-air tax, and driver-skill average from the same laps, with each team averaging its per-race values and no teammate or cross-team pairing.

Driver-vs-driver gaps across teams mostly measure the car, so this page does not pair drivers. Team averages show each constructor on its own: each team's value is the average of its per-race values, so a driver's share of races counts equally across the team's races.

## What it shows

Each constructor carries three season averages:

* **Car term**: the team's car contribution to lap time from the lap decomposition. Lower = faster car.
* **Dirty-air tax**: average time lost in dirty air across the team's measured laps.
* **Driver skill**: average driver-skill residual across the team's drivers. This is the driver line-up, not the car.

> [!NOTE]
>
> Teammates are not paired and cross-team pairs are not compared. A cell with no measured reading is blank, not zero.

## How to use it

1. **Select a season** from the filter bar; the table reloads.
2. **Read the car term** to rank the cars on the same laps.
3. **Compare dirty-air tax** to see which teams spend more time in traffic.
4. **Check the driver-skill column** to separate line-up strength from car strength.

## Data source

The page queries `fct_lap_residuals` via DuckDB-Wasm in the browser, using training-eligible laps (`ml_eligible`), averaged per race and then across the season's races.

| Column | Meaning |
| - | - |
| `constructor_component_s` | Car term for the lap |
| `dirty_air_tax_s` | Dirty-air time loss for the lap |
| `driver_skill_residual_s` | Driver-skill residual for the lap |

The data window covers **2018–2025**.

For the full model definition, see the [`fct_lap_residuals` reference](https://offthepace.mintlify.site/reference/models/fct/fct_lap_residuals).


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