> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://offthepace.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# int_constructor_structural_pace

> One row per (race_year, race_id, constructor_id).

<Note>Part of the [Pace Baselines](/transform/families/pace-baselines) family.</Note>

One row per (race\_year, race\_id, constructor\_id). Car-inherent pace advantage/penalty estimated from a re-centred median pace delta across same-constructor teammates in the same race, isolating car pace from driver skill via within-constructor, between-driver variation. A placeholder for the full panel regression (pyfixest HDFE fit) named in the model's own header; that fixed-effects estimate exists separately, as int\_constructor\_car\_fe. Positive = slower car. Includes a normal- approximation 95% CI and clean pair sample counts for confidence.

## Lineage

```mermaid theme={null}
flowchart LR
  int_event_corrections --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  int_field_pace_curve --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  int_lap_fuel_state --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  int_stint_geometry --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  int_track_evolution --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  stg_laps --> int_constructor_structural_pace
  int_constructor_structural_pace --> fct_driver_skill_features
  int_constructor_structural_pace --> fct_ghost_car_pace
  int_constructor_structural_pace --> int_circuit_x_constructor_interaction
  int_constructor_structural_pace --> int_lap_residual_decomposed
  style int_constructor_structural_pace fill:#e40404,stroke:#e40404,color:#fff
```

## Overview

| Property          | Value                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Layer             | `intermediate`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Family            | [Pace Baselines](/transform/families/pace-baselines)                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| Contract enforced | No                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| Tags              | `causal_decomposition`, `constructor`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| Upstream          | [`int_lap_fuel_state`](./int_lap_fuel_state), [`int_field_pace_curve`](./int_field_pace_curve), [`int_stint_geometry`](./int_stint_geometry), [`stg_laps`](../stg/stg_laps), [`int_event_corrections`](./int_event_corrections), [`int_track_evolution`](./int_track_evolution) |
| Model-level tests | `expect_column_pair_values_A_to_be_greater_than_B`                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |

**16 tests** [guard](/transform/ci/overview) this model  -  15 generic, 1 singular.

## Columns

| Column                                  | Type | Nullable | Tests                                                                                                          | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| --------------------------------------- | ---- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `constructor_race_id`                   |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural), [`unique`](/transform/ci/structural)                                   | Surrogate PK = hash(race\_year, race\_id, constructor\_id)                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `race_year`                             |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Season year                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `race_id`                               |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Race identifier                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `constructor_id`                        |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Constructor identifier (FK to dim\_constructors)                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `constructor_structural_pace_s`         |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Re-centred median pace-delta coefficient in seconds (not yet a fitted fixed effect see the model description). Positive = slower than field. Identified via within-constructor, between-driver variation from teammate pairs. |
| `constructor_structural_pace_se_s`      |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural), [`expect_column_values_to_be_between`](/transform/ci/range-and-domain) | Standard error of the median pace delta (stddev / √n), not yet a clustered (CRV1) regression SE. Positive, ≥0. Captures uncertainty in the coefficient estimate.                                                              |
| `constructor_structural_pace_ci_low_s`  |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | 95% confidence interval lower bound                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `constructor_structural_pace_ci_high_s` |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | 95% confidence interval upper bound                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `panel_observations_n`                  |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Sample size of clean laps used in the aggregate estimate                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `clean_teammate_pair_laps_n`            |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | Count of clean laps where both teammates in a constructor ran (used to assess pair quality). Flags constructor-seasons where this is \<100 laps.                                                                              |
| `r_squared_within`                      |      | Yes      | [`expect_column_values_to_be_between`](/transform/ci/range-and-domain)                                         | Within fixed-effect R² (sanity check; low is expected, high is good). NULL until the pyfixest model is in place   a misleading 0.0 is worse than NULL.                                                                        |
| `fit_timestamp`                         |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                                                         | UTC timestamp when this coefficient was fitted (ISO 8601)                                                                                                                                                                     |