> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://offthepace.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# int_driver_race_skill_loro

> De-confounded absolute equal-car skill, race grain (race_year, race_id, driver_id).

<Note>Part of the [Skill](/transform/families/skill) family.</Note>

De-confounded absolute equal-car skill, race grain (race\_year, race\_id, driver\_id). driver\_skill\_loro\_s = P20 ceiling minus the LORO teammate baseline (used by the rating chain). driver\_skill\_field\_s = median pace delta minus the de-biased constructor×race FE (int\_constructor\_car\_fe.car\_fe\_s, car pace net of driver skill); used only by int\_driver\_circuit\_era\_affinity / Ghost Car Standings leaderboard, fixing the weak-teammate inflation confound. Negative = faster than field (both signals).

## Lineage

```mermaid theme={null}
flowchart LR
  int_constructor_car_fe --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  int_event_corrections --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  int_field_pace_curve --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  int_lap_fuel_state --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  int_track_evolution --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  stg_laps --> int_driver_race_skill_loro
  int_driver_race_skill_loro --> int_driver_circuit_affinity
  int_driver_race_skill_loro --> int_driver_circuit_era_affinity
  int_driver_race_skill_loro --> int_driver_season_ratings
  style int_driver_race_skill_loro fill:#e40404,stroke:#e40404,color:#fff
```

## Overview

| Property          | Value                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Layer             | `intermediate`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| Family            | [Skill](/transform/families/skill)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| Contract enforced | No                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| Tags              | `driver_rating`, `causal_decomposition`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| Upstream          | [`int_lap_fuel_state`](./int_lap_fuel_state), [`int_field_pace_curve`](./int_field_pace_curve), [`stg_laps`](../stg/stg_laps), [`int_event_corrections`](./int_event_corrections), [`int_track_evolution`](./int_track_evolution), [`int_constructor_car_fe`](./int_constructor_car_fe) |

**6 tests** [guard](/transform/ci/overview) this model  -  6 generic, 0 singular.

## Columns

| Column                 | Type | Nullable | Tests                                                                        | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| ---------------------- | ---- | -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `driver_race_skill_id` |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural), [`unique`](/transform/ci/structural) | Surrogate PK = hash(race\_year, race\_id, driver\_id)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `driver_id`            |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                       | Driver identifier                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `race_year`            |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                       | Race year (integer)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `race_id`              |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                       | Race identifier (numeric)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `driver_skill_loro_s`  |      | Yes      |                                                                              | De-confounded equal-car skill, seconds. P20 of focal deltas minus LORO car baseline. Negative = faster. NULL when the driver is the only one with clean laps in his car that race (no equal-car reference). Used by the rating chain.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `driver_skill_field_s` |      | Yes      |                                                                              | Field-anchored equal-car skill, seconds. Median pace delta minus the de-biased car term (int\_constructor\_car\_fe.car\_fe\_s the constructor×race FE, car pace net of driver skill). The FE's global driver anchor fixes the weak-teammate inflation confound that the old constructor-median term still leaked (that median absorbed the team's driver skill, so subtracting it handed a weak driver's slowness back as skill). NULL when the constructor×race FE is unidentified for this race. Used only by int\_driver\_circuit\_era\_affinity (Ghost Car Standings leaderboard). |
| `clean_lap_count`      |      | Yes      | [`not_null`](/transform/ci/structural)                                       | Clean laps contributing to this driver-race estimate.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |