> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://offthepace.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Telemetry

> Bronze-layer event log.

Bronze-layer event log. One row per sample per driver per lap. Sampled at \~10 Hz; \~2–5 million rows per race. Very wide partition   always filter by season and race\_id.

## Overview

| Property          | Value                                                            |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| File pattern      | `bronze/telemetry/season=YYYY/race=<slug>/telemetry.parquet`     |
| Example row count | 2024 Bahrain: 23 drivers × 57 laps × 300 samples/lap ≈ 3.9M rows |

<Note>
  speed\_kph, throttle\_pct are float32 to save space. Sparse: many null samples for cars that DNF or have sensor dropouts. Race only; telemetry is never written for qualifying sessions.
</Note>

<Warning>
  **Columns that look real but aren't.** A search for one of
  these on this dataset will come up empty:

  * `brake_pct` FastF1 exposes no brake-pressure channel; only the boolean `brake`.
  * `drs (boolean)` The real column is `DRS`, a numeric enum where only 10, 12, and 14 mean the flap is open.
  * `gear` The real column is `nGear`.
  * `session` Telemetry has no session column at all; it's written only for race sessions, never qualifying.
</Warning>

## Columns

<ResponseField name="speed_kph" type="float32">
  Car speed in kilometres per hour. Sampled at \~10 Hz. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="throttle_pct" type="float32">
  Throttle pedal position, 0–100%. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="brake" type="boolean">
  True if brake pedal is applied. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="nGear" type="int64">
  Current gear, 0 (neutral) to 8. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="distance_m" type="float32">
  Distance from lap start in metres. Resets to 0 on each new lap. May have small gaps during pit stops. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="DRS" type="int64">
  DRS status enum. Only 10, 12, and 14 mean the flap is open; other values mean inactive. Decode once in staging; don't carry the magic numbers downstream. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="driver_id" type="string" required>
  Three-letter driver code (HAM, VER, etc.). Links to laps.DriverNumber via stg\_f1\_laps. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="lap_number" type="integer" required>
  Links to `laps.LapNumber`. *Source: FastF1 native.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="race_id" type="string" required>
  Links to `laps.race_id`. Format: `YYYY_RoundNumber`. *Source: Ingestion pipeline.*
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="season" type="integer" required>
  Hive partition key. Always include in WHERE clause to avoid full scans. *Source: Ingestion pipeline.*
</ResponseField>

## Required Columns

These columns are always present (non-null, always ingested): `driver_id`, `lap_number`, `race_id`, `season`.